Comparison of aluminum and sodium doped poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy

Structural evolution and dielectric relaxation behavior of electron-irradiated poly„vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene... 80Õ20 mol% copolymers

The effect of high-energy electron irradiation on poly~vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene! 80/20 mol % copolymers has been studied in a broad dose ranging from 0 to 120 Mrad. It was found that the copolymers transformed from a normal ferroelectric to a relaxor ferroelectric phase ~RFE! at high electron doses. For copolymers irradiated at the dose above 90 Mrad, they exhibited typical dielect...

Electromechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride- trifluoroethylene) Networks

Random copolymers of 65% vinylidene fluoride and 35% trifluoroethylene were reacted with an organic peroxide, in combination with a free-radical trap, to yield networks of high crosslink density. Crystallization subsequent to the crosslinking yielded ferroelectric materials exhibiting large electrostrictive strains. The magnitude of the electromechanical response increased with an increasing de...

The negative piezoelectric effect of the ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride).

Piezoelectricity describes interconversion between electrical charge and mechanical strain. As expected for lattice ions displaced in an electric field, the proportionality constant is positive for all piezoelectric materials. The exceptions are poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers with trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), which exhibit a negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficie...

Aluminum doping of poly(vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene) copolymer

Ferroelectric Properties and Polarization Switching Kinetic of Poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer

The discovery of the piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by Kawai [Kawai, 1969], and the study of its pyroelectric and nonlinear optical properties [Bergman et al., 1971; Glass, 1971] led to the discovery of its ferroelectric properties in the early 1970s. Since that time, considerable development and progress have been made on both materials and devices based on PVDF. ...